Have The Primary Influence Over Reproductive Rates In Most Species Of Animals
periodical article
The Quarterly Review of Biology
, pp. 437-456 (20 pages)
Published By: The University of Chicago Press
https://www. jstor .org/stable/2832015
In near animals, members of one sex compete more intensely for mates than members of the other sexual practice, and show a greater evolution of secondary sexual traits. The relative intensity of mating competition in the 2 sexes depends on the operational sex ratio (OSR) (the ratio of males that are set to mate to females that are gear up to mate) at the site and times when mating occurs. The extent and direction of biases in the OSR is closely related to the potential rates of reproduction that individual males and females can achieve, although the distribution of the two sexes in space and time, sex differences in development time or life expectancy, and biases in the sex ratio at nativity or hatching can too be important. The potential rates of reproduction in the two sexes are, in turn, affected past the proportion of time and energy expended past male person and female parents on their progeny, though other factors may constrain reproductive rate in ane or both sexes. We outline a uncomplicated model of the factors affecting the OSR, where relative parental expenditure by the two sexes and the adult sexual activity ratio are stock-still, and a more complex model where the adult sexual practice ratio varies in relation to the reproductive activity of the two sexes. This framework for relating sex differences in mating competition to the OSR, potential reproductive rates, and parental expenditure differs from Triver'southward concept of the relation between parental investment and mating contest in three ways: first, information technology identifies the OSR every bit the immediate factor determining which sex completes most intensely for mates; second, it recognizes that factors other than the future fitness costs of rearing offspring can bear on the potential reproductive rate of the two sexes; third, it suggests an empirical measure (potential reproductive charge per unit) that can exist estimated in natural populations and used to predict the distribution of mating competition.
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Source: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2832015
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